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Organofluorines in US Water

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An analysis recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) indicates that fluorinated organic compounds are present in the wastewater of many living in the U.S., suggesting that drinking water supplies are a significant risk for exposure to these persistent and toxic compounds.  

Very little data exists regarding the direct measurement of organofluorine compounds in waste and drinking water, including the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study directly measured influent and effluent water samples from 8 large wastewater treatment facilities (each serving more than 10,000 individuals), whose size and technology are similar to that serving approximately 70% of the U.S. Rather than limit the analysis only to the 6 recently regulated PFAS, this study also evaluated total fluorine and extractable organofluorine (EOF) levels, providing a fuller picture of contamination, as many PFAS are being phased out and replaced by other fluorinated compounds, with very little regulation or oversight. 

This approach found that the 6 regulated PFAS only accounted for <10% of the total EOF in influent and effluent samples. The vast majority (62 to 75%) of EOF was comprised of commonly prescribed fluorinated pharmaceuticals. The majority were polyfluorinated drugs, such as celecoxib, flecainide, maraviroc, hydroxyphenylmaraviroc, and sitagliptin, with a minority of monofluorinated drugs, including multiple statins, citalopram, etc. The 8 parent drugs were detected in all 8 of the wastewater treatment facilities, suggesting widespread contamination in wastewater. Furthermore, the wastewater treatment ineffectively removed EOF compounds; a maximum of 24% reduction was shown, and the levels of some compounds increased after treatment (likely via transformation of precursors). The lack of regulation and widespread detection of these compounds predicted from this analysis has very concerning public health implications. 

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