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T3, T4 & Hypothyroidism

iStock-1198780608The “gold standard” approach to hypothyroidism is to use levothyroxine monotherapy to restore TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) to within the normal range. However, as we covered in a past blog article, the TSH test is not always adequate for identifying hypothyroidism, and some patients only experience resolution of symptoms when levothyroxine is used in combination with T3 medication. Owing to concerns about increased cardiovascular risk and bone loss, many practitioners are reluctant to prescribe T3 despite expert consensus statements acknowledging that use of T3 is warranted in some cases.

A review published recently on the safety of combined T4+T3 treatment did not find “clear or consistent safety issues” with this approach. The review looked specifically at a T4-T3 combination medicine marketed as either Euthyral or Novothyral, which provides T4 and T3 in a ratio of 5:1, which is significantly lower than the 13-20:1 range often recommended in various guidelines. Adverse event (AE) data were gathered from eight countries over a 15-year span (2009-2024). The reviewers found a low incidence of adverse events, which is especially noteworthy considering the low ratio of T4 to T3. They also noted that some of the studies they evaluated suggested an added benefit from adding T3 to a T4 regimen in patients with persistent hypothyroid symptoms, and that patients often express a preference for the combination therapy over T4 alone.

The review has some shortcomings, including being retrospective, uncontrolled, and based on spontaneous AE reporting, which may have had limited details. However, it’s still an important contribution to the literature on the use of T3 that may help clinicians make better informed shared decisions with patients for whom levothyroxine monotherapy fails to resolve symptoms.

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